The central objective of this article is to analyze the self-demarcation of indigenous land as an important factor to establish new relations between the indigenous populations and the Brazilian State, adopting the questioning. How does the self-demarcation of indigenous land accentuate and potentiate the emergence of new relations between indigenous populations and the Brazilian State? The theoretical-methodological reference, the scientific method of historical and dialectical materialism. Bibliographic, exploratory and qualitative-quantitative study, the sources are official institutional documents and scientific production on the subject, the technical instruments are the observation, direct participation, and field registration. The main results are the history of struggle and survivor of this people in which it found the forces to react and reorganize, having in the self-demarcation an instrument of political pressure, mobilization, social participation, strengthening and reaffirmation of the reorganization of its traditional internal social systems.
